{"id":152,"date":"2024-10-31T16:48:29","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T16:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/?page_id=152"},"modified":"2024-12-06T21:04:28","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T21:04:28","slug":"exposure-to-agent-orange","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/?page_id=152","title":{"rendered":"Exposure to Agent Orange Graphs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The National Center of Biotechnology Information states that the estimation of health risks associated with herbicide exposure consists of two primary activities: <strong>(1)<\/strong> exposure assessment and <strong>(2)<\/strong> assessment of the health effects in exposed individuals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The center defines<em> exposure<\/em> as &#8220;the concentration of an agent in the environment in close proximity to a study subject&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK236359\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK236359\/\">Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although such assessments do not precisely determine the degree and level of individual exposure, they can help us understand the damaging impact that TCDD (2,3,7,8 -Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), or Agent Orange, has had on the individuals around the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"exposureChart\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\" seamless frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTBvEjpRHWkxJNugMkC5ZI_YF8URs_40FBj6E2CuGLFuY-xM_Ty6sAXCHBHsiZEL-oM_qhYhOizSGXf\/pubchart?oid=795277875&amp;format=interactive\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">The exposure score index declines with increasing distance from the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) base. This indicates that there are lower exposure levels further away from the base.<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to understanding the levels of exposure to Agent Orange, it is crucial to account for the quantity of this chemical actually deployed in Vietnam throughout the Vietnam War. However, Agent Orange was not the only herbicide used; other agents within the Rainbow Herbicides were also employed to defoliate jungle vegetation throughout Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-color-4-color\">1. <strong>Agent Orange<\/strong><\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Composition<\/strong>: A mixture of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toxicity<\/strong>: Contained dioxin (TCDD), a highly toxic compound associated with severe health effects, including cancers, birth defects, and other chronic illnesses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage<\/strong>: The most extensively used herbicide, which targeted dense forests to deprive enemy forces of cover and food sources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#9c9c9c\" class=\"has-inline-color\">2. <strong>Agent White<\/strong><\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Composition<\/strong>: A combination of picloram and 2,4-D.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toxicity<\/strong>: Did not contain dioxin, but picloram is persistent in the environment and poses potential health risks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage<\/strong>: Employed in areas where Agent Orange was deemed unsuitable, such as dry regions and areas where long-term vegetation control was desired.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#155cf3\" class=\"has-inline-color\">3. <strong>Agent Blue<\/strong><\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Composition<\/strong>: Contained cacodylic acid (arsenic-based).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toxicity<\/strong>: Arsenic-based compounds are toxic to humans, posing risks of poisoning, cancer, and other health issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage<\/strong>: Aimed at rice paddies and food crops to destroy enemy food supplies; targeted crops rather than forest cover.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#8615f7\" class=\"has-inline-color\">4. <strong>Agent Purple<\/strong><\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Composition<\/strong>: Similar to Agent Orange, containing 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, but with a higher concentration of dioxin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toxicity<\/strong>: Even more concentrated in dioxin (TCDD) than Agent Orange, which causes more serious health and environmental impacts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage<\/strong>: An early version of defoliants used before Agent Orange, but was phased out due to its high dioxin content.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"371\" seamless frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vS3bfWYNEkg7bKp6j5iFBzDv0aeDMob3oITkKNxIMElOo1YPB0F25z6WPdyastlPx7qYKPxhENa8lcF\/pubchart?oid=777847499&amp;format=interactive\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Agent Orange was the most extensively deployed chemical agent during the Vietnam War, making up nearly two-thirds of the herbicides used, followed by Agent White, Agent Purple, and Agent Blue.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The National Center of Biotechnology Information states that the estimation of health risks associated with herbicide exposure consists of two primary activities: (1) exposure assessment and (2) assessment of the health effects in exposed individuals. The center defines exposure as &#8220;the concentration of an agent in the environment in close proximity to a study subject&#8221; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-152","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/152","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=152"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/152\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":348,"href":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/152\/revisions\/348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soomaghodsi.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=152"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}